1. 演講前的準備準備是搞好演講的前提。首先是要確立一個題目或一個話題。一般演講賽都分為命題演講和即興演講。如要進行演講比賽則必須對各個方面加以準備：政治、經濟、文化、教育等，找好立意點，擬定題目，如政治方面的演講主題：wto、統一、和平與發展、機遇與挑戰；經濟方面演講主題：西部大開發、農村經濟、再就業；教育方面演講方題：中西方教育的不同、遠程教育、終身教育、槍手；文化方面演講主題：文化的交流與融合、校園文化；環保方面演講主題：man and nature；科技方面演講主題：網絡、克隆、基因；衛生方面演講主題：keep physically and mentally healthy；體育方面演講主題：olympics……有些方面題目太大，可從多角度和多側面思考，找好切入點，將題目細化和具體化，寫出演講稿的提綱，構思和組織演講稿結構。
擬定好話題后的第二步就是演講材料的收集與整理。其中最好的方法就是有計劃地閱讀大量的英語原文以及各類英語報刊雜志，閱讀是一個循序漸進的過程，同時也是培養英語思維的過程，對提高英語的口頭表達能力和書面表達能力是至關重要的。利用有關資源與材料（如圖書、報刊、雜志或網絡資源等）收集所需的內容。然后對材料加以整理或進行梳理，舍棄不太重要的內容或用不上的材料，準備寫演講稿。
2 演講稿的寫作演講稿首先開頭要開門見山，既要一下子抓住聽眾又要提出你的觀點，中間要用各種方法和所準備的材料說明、支持你的論點，感染聽眾，然后在結尾加強說明論點或得出結論，結束演講。
演講稿的寫作有嚴格的要求，就內容而言要主題鮮明，表達完整；就文章組織結構而言要思維清晰，邏輯性強；就語言而言要有感染力、形象生動。寫作時可根據需要有效、正確地使用英語寫作方法和技巧，如恰當地運用明喻、暗喻、夸張等各種修辭方法，用詞要準確，盡量避免使用生僻、模糊、晦澀的字詞。總之，要考慮聽眾對象，注意演講的措辭，但又要簡明扼要、有理有力、結構緊湊。許多著名的演說家的不朽之作都有振奮人心、扭轉乾坤般的力量。從馬丁。路德。金的“i have a dream”，美國總統林肯所作的著名的蓋茨堡演說，到克林頓在北大的演說，不少句子都成為不朽的佳句，值得認真研讀。
3進行演講具備演講的知識和技巧，演講稿的完成只是演講的序幕，要進行成功的演講則要進行嚴格的訓練。訓練時，分析演講要領，訓練演講技巧和姿勢語，觀看cctv杯和愛立信杯等英語演講的錄像，了解并按照比賽評分標準進行嚴格的模擬訓練，觀察演講過程是否具備以下特點：主題鮮明，表達完整（演講內容）；思維清晰，邏輯性強（文章組織結構）；感情充沛，富有表現力（演講氣勢）；發音正確，語音語調標準（英語語音）；反應敏捷，回答準確（心理素質）；著裝整潔，儀態大方等等。
除此之外，還要有良好的心理素質。多進行模擬演講，有良好的心理素質，才能更好地表現自己，取得演講的良好效果。有的同學能講一口地道的美式英語，但由于缺乏良好的心理素質而怯場，甚至在比賽中緊張得說不出話來或有一些不良的舉止而被淘汰出局。
有了充分的準備，進行演講就不太難了。在演講的整個過程中還要注意一些演講的要領與技巧，如演講者與聽眾目光的接觸（eye contact），聲音的抑揚頓挫（vocal variety），和肢體語言的配合（hand gestures and body language）等等，但要恰當，不要太多，否則會喧賓奪主，影響演講效果。
掌握了這些要領，有了充分的知識儲備，再加上良好的心理素質，一定會成功的 .
演講技巧no,nos in public speaking演講切忌talking too rapidly;語速太快；speaking in a monotone;聲音單調；using too high a vocal pitch;聲音尖細；talking and not saying much;“談”得太多，說得太少；presenting without enough emotion or passion;感情不充分；talking down to the audience;對觀眾采取一種居高臨下的姿態；using too many "big" words;夸張的詞語使用得太多；using abstractions without giving concrete examples;使用抽象概念而不給出事例加以說明；using unfamiliar technical jargon;使用別人不熟悉的技術術語；using slang or profanity;使用俚語或粗俗語；disorganized and rambling performance;演講無組織，散亂無序；indirect communication i.e. beating around the bush；說話繞彎子，不切中主題；how to communicate with the audience怎樣與聽眾交流a message worth communicating;要有值得交流的觀點；gain the listeners' atention: capture their interest and build their trust;引起聽眾的注意：抓住他們的興趣并贏得信任；emphasize understanding;重視理解；obtain their feedback;獲得反饋；watch your emotional tone;注意聲調要有感情；persuade the audience;說服聽眾；how to gain confidence怎樣變得自信smile and glance at the audience;微笑并看著觀眾；start very slowly, with your shoulders back and your chin up;開始發言時要慢一點，身體保持昂首挺胸的姿態；open your speech by saying something very frankly;開場白說一些真誠話；wear your very best clothes;穿上自己最好的衣服；say something positive to yourself;對自己說一些積極的話；four objectives of the speech演講的四個目標to offer information;提供信息；to entertain the audience;使聽眾感到樂趣；to touch emotions;動之以情；to move to action;使聽眾行動起來；how to organize the speech怎樣組織演講to have a structure: such as first, second, third; geographically, north, south, east, west; compare and contrasts; our side versus their side; negative and positive;要有一個結構：可以分一二三點；可以從地理上分東南西北；比較與對比；我方與他方；正面與反面；to label the materials such as jokes, funny anecdotes, favorite sayings, interesting statistics;將材料歸類整理，如笑話、趣事、名人名言、有趣的數據；to use notecards;使用卡片；how to use cards怎樣使用卡片number your cards on the top right;在卡片的右上角標上數字；write a complete sentence on both your first and last card;在第一張和最后一張上寫上完整的句子；write up to five key words on other cards;其他卡片上最多只能寫五個關鍵詞；use color to mark the words you want to emphasize;用顏色來標記你想強調的詞；remind yourself at a particular sport to check the time.
在某一處提醒自己查看時間。
how to cope with brownout如何對付忘詞just smile and go to the next card. not the one in front of you, but to the next following. look at the first word on it. this will be the point from which you will now continue. of course you missed part of your speech. but nobody will notice it. they will blame themselves for not following your thoughts.
只需要微微一笑，繼續下一張卡片上的內容，不是擺在你目前的那張卡片，而是下一張。看一下卡片上的第一個單詞，這就是你要繼續的要點。當然你會遺漏一部分內容，但是沒有人會注意到這一點。聽眾只會責怪自己沒有跟上你的思路。
how to begin如何開頭to tell a story （about yourself）；講個（自己的）故事；to acknowledge the occasion of the gathering；對大家能夠聚在一起表示感謝；to pay the listeners a compliment；稱贊一下聽眾；to quote ；引用名人名言；to use unusual statistics；使用一些不平常的數據；to ask the audience a challenging question；問觀眾一個挑戰性的問題；to show a video or a slide.
播放錄像帶或看幻燈片。
how to close如何結尾to repeat your opening;重復你的開頭；to summarize your presentation;概括你的演講；to close with an anecdote;以趣事結尾；to end with a call to action;以號召行動結尾；to ask a rhetorical question;以反問結尾；to make a statement;以一個陳述句結尾；to show an outline of your presentation.
展示演講大綱。
eye contact眼神交流move your eyes slowly from person to person, and pause two or three seconds with each listener;眼睛慢慢地從一個移動到另一個人，在每一個人身上停留兩到三秒鐘時間；look at people straight or look at the bridge of their noses or chins;眼睛直視聽眾，或看著他們的鼻梁或下巴look for the friendlier faces and smile at them one by one, then move on to the more skeptical members and smile at them one by one also;找到那些看起來比較友善的聽眾，逐次朝他們微笑；然后目標轉向那些有些懷疑的聽眾，也逐漸朝他們微笑；imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous.
如果你感到緊張，不妨想象聽眾都穿著浴衣的樣子。
how to use the microphone如何使用話筒you must speak up and project your voice even if you are using a microphone;即使是用話筒，也要聲音響亮并運氣發聲；your voice should be resonant and sustained when you speak;聲音要有回聲并能稍持續一陣兒；pitch your voice slightly lower than normal. listeners tend to associate credibility and authority with a relatively deep voice;音調要定得比正常講話時低一些，聽眾往往把可信度與權威性與一個相對低沉的聲音聯系在一起；try to end declarative sentences on a low tone without, however, trailing off in volume;盡量用降調結束陳述句，但不要減弱音量；slow down.
放慢語速。
keynote speech基調發言a keynote speech is to outline the subjects to be addressed by other speakers at an event,and to establish the tone of a meeting or program.
基調發言也稱主題演講，目的就是限定一個集會上其他演講者演講的主題，奠定一個會議或活動的基調?；{發言也直接關系到確立大會的感情基調。
what to say演講指南plan well in advance;預先計劃好；make sure you fully understand your role in the program;保證自己充分了解在活動中的角色；devote care to structuring your speech logically;認真地構思演講，使其結構符合邏輯；devote care to setting the proper tone.
認真設定適當的基調。
how to use equipment如何使用設備check light bulbs,electrical power,cable connections,outlets and contacts,switches and any moving parts;檢查電燈、電源、線路的連接、插座和觸電、開關以及一些移動部件confirm twice that all your equipment will be available on the time of the day that you need it保證設備能在你使用那天正常工作，至少要確認兩次；arrange to have back-up equipment close by and be prepared to present without visuals;準備一些后備設備以防萬一，并做好沒有圖像資料仍能演講的準備；remember to carry your equipment and ensure it will not be lost.
記得帶上所需要用的設備，不要弄丟了。
typical signals of nervousness緊張的典型特征hands in pockets 手放在口袋里increased blinking of the eyes 眨眼次數過多；failure to make eye contact害怕眼神的接觸；licking and biting of the lips 舔嘴唇和史嘴唇；finger tapping 敲叩手指；fast,jerky gestures 手勢又急又快；cracking voices 粗啞的聲音increased rate of speech 講話速度加快；clearing of the throat 清嗓子；buttocks clamped tightly together 臀部崩得緊緊的；the way to over come nervousness is breathe in deep and breathe out slowly for some times.
克服緊張的辦法是調勻呼吸，深吸氣，慢呼出。
how to dress如何穿著得體dark colored suits or dresses；穿深色西裝；red ties or scarves;空樸素的白襯衫或上衣；black shoes,freshly polished;戴紅色的領帶或絲巾；very little jewelry -worn discreetly;穿剛剛擦亮的黑色鞋子；calm,slow gestures and slow movements;盡量不戴首飾，要戴的話要非常小心；shoulders back,chin up.
挺胸抬頭。
how to use gestures如何使有手勢make sure all your gestures are smooth and natural;所有的動作都應該流暢自然；don't put your hands in your pockets;不要把手插在口袋里；let your hands and arms drop naturally to your side ,gently fold both indes fingers together,without wringing or gripping your hands in any way;將手和手臂自然地在身體兩側下垂，輕微屈起食指，不要扭在一起或緊握拳頭；let your hands do what they want to do as long as they don't go back into your pockets or make obscene gestures.
手想要怎樣就讓它怎樣，直到它不再回到你的口袋或在聽眾面前做一些惹人討厭的手勢。
point at imaginary objects and don't point at others with your index finger;手可以指點著假想的物體，不要用食指指著別人；size or quantity can also easily be shown by expanding or contracting the hands;心寸的大小和數量的多少也可以通過兩手的擴張和收縮來演示；gracefully show your audience the appropriate number of fingers by holding your hands at a 45 degree angle from your head;手抬起并與頭成四十五度角，優雅地用手勢表示出數字；to emphasize physical size such as length,width,hold your hands out in front you widely apart to move them up and down.
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