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最近要獲取服務器各種參數，包括cpu、內存、磁盤、型號等信息。試用了Hyperic HQ、Nagios和Snmp，它們功能都挺強大的，但是于需求不是太符，亦或者太heavy。

于是乎想到用python執行shell獲取這些信息，python執行shell腳本有以下三種方法：

1. os.system()

代碼如下:

os.system('ls')

#返回結果0或者1，不能得到命令的輸出

2. os.popen()

代碼如下:

output = os.popen('ls')

print output.read()

#打印出的是命令輸出，但是得不到執行的返回值

3. commands.getstatusoutput()

代碼如下:

(status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('ls')

print status, output

#打印出返回值和命令輸出

可以根據需要選取其中一種方法，以下是python執行shell獲取硬件參數寫入mysql，并定期更新的程序：

代碼如下:

'''

Created on Dec 10, 2014

@author: liufei

'''

#coding=utf-8

import time, sched, os, string

from datetime import datetime

import MySQLdb

s = sched.scheduler(time.time,time.sleep)

def event_func():

    try:

        #主機名

        name = os.popen(""" hostname """).read()

        #cpu數目

        cpu_num = os.popen(""" cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l """).read()

        #內存大小

        mem = os.popen(""" free | grep Mem | awk '{print $2}' """).read()

        #機器品牌

        brand = os.popen(""" dmidecode | grep 'Vendor' | head -1 | awk -F: '{print $2}' """).read()

        #型號

        model = os.popen(""" dmidecode | grep 'Product Name' | head -1 | awk -F: '{print $2}' """).read()

        #磁盤大小

        storage = os.popen(""" fdisk -l | grep 'Disk /dev/sd' | awk 'BEGIN{sum=0}{sum=sum+$3}END{print sum}' """).read()

        #mac地址

        mac = os.popen(""" ifconfig -a | grep HWaddr | head -1 | awk '{print $5}' """).read()

        name = name.replace("\n","").lstrip()

        cpu_num =  cpu_num.replace("\n","").lstrip()

        memory_gb = round(string.atof(mem.replace("\n","").lstrip())/1000.0/1000.0, 1)

        brand = brand.replace("\n","").lstrip()

        model = model.replace("\n","").lstrip()

        storage_gb = storage.replace("\n","").lstrip()

        mac = mac.replace("\n","").lstrip()

        print name

        print cpu_num

        print memory_gb

        print storage_gb

        print brand

        print model

        print mac

        conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='xx.xx.xx.xx',user='USERNAME',passwd='PASSWORD',db='DBNAME',port=3306)

        cur=conn.cursor()

        cur.execute('select mac from servers where mac=%s',mac)

        data = cur.fetchone()

        if data is None:

            value = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac, datetime.now(), datetime.now()]

            cur.execute("insert into servers(name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac,  created_at, updated_at) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",value)           

        else:

            value1 = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, datetime.now(), mac]

            cur.execute("update servers set name=%s,brand=%s,model=%s,memory_gb=%s,storage_gb=%s,cpu_num=%s, updated_at=%s where mac=%s",value1)

        conn.commit()

        cur.close()

        conn.close()

    except MySQLdb.Error,e:

        print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])

def perform(inc):

    s.enter(inc,0,perform,(inc,))

    event_func()

def mymain(inc=10):

    s.enter(0,0,perform,(inc,))

    s.run()

if __name__ == "__main__":

    mymain()

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