形容詞和副詞
I.要點
A.形容詞
1、形容詞的用法
形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補，有時還可作狀語。如：
He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時，謂語通常用復數形式。如：
The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多個形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序：
冠詞序數詞基數詞性質狀態(描述性)形狀大小新舊老少顏色國籍材料名詞。如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、形容詞比較等級的形式
(1)規則形式
一般說來，單音節詞及少數雙音節詞在后加-er;--est來構成比較級和最高級;其他雙音節詞及多音節詞在前加more,most.如：
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-(the)most important
(2)不規則形式
good(well)-better-best
bad(ill)-worse-worst
many(much)-more-most
little-less-least
(3)形容詞比較等級的用法
①表示兩者的比較，用形容詞的比較級than.如：
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
②表示兩者以上的比較，用"the形容詞最高級(名詞)of(in)…"如：
He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示兩者是同等程度，用"as形容詞原級as".如：
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④越…越…
例如：The more I learn,the happier I am.
⑤You can never be too careful.越小心越好
又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎么贊揚這個老師也不過分。
⑥I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我擔心的一天。
I have never had a better dinner.
這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。
⑦My English is no better than yours.
我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。B.副詞
1、副詞的種類
(1)時間副詞如：ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等
(2)地點副詞如：here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。
(3)方式副詞如：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。
(4)程度副詞如：almost,nearly,much,greatly,a bit,a little,hardly,so,very等。
2、副詞比較等級的用法
其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如：
Of all the boys he sings(the)most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、某些副詞在用法上的區別
(1)already,yet,still
already表示某事物已經發生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事發生，主要用于否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進行，主要用于肯定句和疑問句，有時也可用于否定句。如：
We’ve already watched that film.
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
(2)too,as well,also,either
too,as well和also用于肯定句和疑問句，too和as well多用于口語，一般放在句末，而also多用于書面語，一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.
He didn’t go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3)hard,hardly
hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4)late,lately
lately意為"最近、近來"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
例1 Tom’s father thinks he is already ____
A high enough B tall enough
C enough high C enough tall
解析：該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。
例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
A When I take more medicine
B The more medicine I take
C Taking more of the medicine
D More medicine taken
解析：該題正確答案為B。"the形容詞比較級…,the形容詞比較級…"意為越…，越…。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。
例3"I haven’t been to London yet".
"I haven’t been there ____".
A too B also C either D neither
解析：該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不"，而C-either則用于否定句中，意為"也"。
例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply
解析：該題正確答案為B。A.deep用于副詞時，修飾具體的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞，不能互相修飾。
介詞
I.要點
1、介詞和種類
(1)簡單介詞，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。
(2)復合介詞，如by means of,along with,because of,in front of,instead of等。
2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關系
(1)和動詞的搭配，如agree with,ask for,belong to,break away from,care about等。
(2)和形容詞的搭配，如afraid of,angry with,different from,good at
(3)和名詞的搭配，如answer to,key to,reason for,cause of,visit to等.
3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少數幾個副詞。如：
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、某些介詞的意義與用法舉例
(1)at,on,in(表時間)
表示時間點用at,如at four o’clock,at midnight等;表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time,at Christmas等。
指某天用on,如on Monday,on the end of November,指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning,on the afternoon of September lst等。
指長于或短于一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon,in February,in Summer,in 1999等。
(2)between,among(表位置)
between僅用于二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關系時，也用between,如
I’m sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：
He is the best among the students.
(3)beside,besides
beside意為"在…旁邊"，而besides意為"除…之外"。如：
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4)in the tree,on the tree
in the tree指動物或人在樹上，而on the tree指果實、樹葉長在樹上
(5)on the way,in the way,by the way,in this way
on the way指在路上in the way指擋道
by the way指順便問一句in this way用這樣的方法
(6)in the corner,at the corner
in the corner指在拐角內at the corner指在拐角外
(7)in the morning,on the morning
in the morning是一般說法on the morning特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus,on the bus
by bus是一般說法on the bus特指乘某一輛車II.例題
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析：A、B兩項except等于but，意為"除了…"，C-beside意為"在…旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides,意為"除了…之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語外，你還知道別的語言嗎?
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D during
解析：我們均知道，at night這一短語，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來修飾，故該題正確答案為A。
例3 I’m looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析：該題正確答案為A。look forward to為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"。
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